TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: The authors of another study used a liver tissue gene expression profile and found that inflammatory and immune response genes were upregulated in NASH patients, with the most notable changes being found in genes encoding chemokines/chemokine receptors involved in leukocyte recruitment, as well as cytokines involved in Th1 polarization, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β [42].