Currently, clinical diagnosis can be confirmed only by post-mortem assessment of neuropathological hallmarks: PD is a synucleinopathy characterized by aggregates of α-synuclein found within neuronal soma (Lewy bodies), while PSP is a tauopathy showing the presence of tufted astrocytes and oligodendroglial coiled bodies composed of aggregated 4R isoforms of tau protein [4]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.