We demonstrated that the HTLV-1 PVL was lower in HLA-A*24-positive HAM/TSP patients than in A*24-negative patients (Table 2), and the frequency of HLA-A*24-restricted HTLV-1 Tax 301–309-specific CTLs negatively correlated with the HTLV-1 PVL in both HAM/TSP patients and ACs (Figure 2). Here, HLA-A is linked to tropical spastic paraparesis.