ULK1 and hydrops fetalis: It has been noted that the protein expression of phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc) and phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase Ulk1, two key regulators of autophagy in cells in their active form, were significantly lower in HF/HS-exposed mice suggesting that autophagy was upregulated more in decidualizing cells of the HF/HS-exposed mice compared to the control group.