TNF and infection: It has been observed that both Clavanin A and Mastoparan-MO are capable of modulating innate immunity by stimulating leukocyte recruitment to the site of infection and production of immune mediators GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 while suppressing excessive inflammatory response by increasing the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and repressing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α.