By comparing a nondiabetic group to a diabetic one (T2DM), a study found similar nonsignificant differences between CP (861.18 ± 63.66 mmol/L vs. 951.17 ± 100.69 mmol/L) and insulin (16.71 ± 2.02 μU/mL vs. 25.25 ± 5.39 μU/mL). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.