Very recently, 3-HPPA, 3,4-diHBA, 3-HBA, and 4-HBA were found to significantly attenuate intracellular α-synuclein seeding aggregation in a cell-based system, and the findings were confirmed using insoluble α-synuclein aggregates extracted from post-mortem Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and PD brain specimens [249]. This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Parkinson disease.