PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Additionally, over the past few years, GWAS have revealed more than five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to the occurrence and development of NAFLD (e.g., PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, and GCKR); these are classic SNPs that have been well-explored in several independent studies [15, 16].