We next profiled the Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells in a cohort of TB household contacts (hereafter household contact cohort) in Kampala, Uganda, which contained 45 individuals who remained TST−IGRA− for a median of 9.5 years after exposure5 (RSTR; 22 males and 23 females, aged 14–67 years) and 45 individuals (23 males and 22 females, age 14–63 years) who were TST+IGRA+ at the initiation of the cohort and did not progress to disease for a median of 9.5 years after exposure5 (LTBI). The gene discussed is TST; the disease is tuberculosis.