Interestingly, compound heterozygous TLR3 deficiency was identified in a child who developed viral rhombencephalitis caused by a positive-sense single-stranded RNA enterovirus (EV), echovirus 30 (EV30), suggesting that in the case of RNA virus infection, intact TLR3 signaling is also required to prevent encephalitis [56]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and viral encephalitis.