A beneficial effect of US alone has already been observed in Alzheimer's disease both behaviourally and histologically in terms of a reduction in amyloid plaques and tau protein.55, 56, 57 In our study, US treatment also induced increased activation of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes), measured by immunoreactive area, in response to opening the BSCB. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.