HMOX1 and age-related macular degeneration: In AMD, RPE cannot downregulate, indicating dysfunctional autophagy in AMD RPE.[45] CHEN et al[56] showed that Ming-Mu-Di-Huang-Pill (MMDH) promotes AMPK phosphorylation and p62 expression, and LC3-II protein expression, suggesting that MMDH slices enhance autophagic flux, and that p62 stimulates autophagic degradation of KEAP1, releases nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and induces Heme oxygenase-1 and NAD (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression, preventing oxidative damage in RPE cells, which contributes to the treatment of AMD.