Thus, cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor-1 (CLCF-1), a B-cell stimulating cytokine from the IL-6 family, is present at a high concentration in the plasma of FSGS patients, with a correlation between CLCF-1 and proteinuria and lipid levels [190], and has been shown to increase glomerular permeability to albumin in vitro [191]. The gene discussed is CLCF1; the disease is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.