Therefore, we characterized senescence in primary human lung fibroblasts (phLF) from control, IPF, or COPD patients at baseline and after exposure to disease-relevant insults (H2O2, bleomycin, TGF-β1) and studied their capacity to support progenitor cell potential in a lung organoid model. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.