HAP1 and autism: Additionally, SIRT1 and SNCA, with the same levels of expression in astrocytes vs. neurons, and NURR1 (with 2-fold expression in astrocytes vs. neurons), as well as HAP1 exhibited highly significant decreases in expression in the astrocytes of autism, but not at statistically significant levels in neurons or NSC, except for HAP1 which trended a decreased expression in neurons (Table 2).