Additionally, cytosolic DNA through stimulator of interferon response CGAMP interactor 1 (STING-1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling recruits EZH2, inducing H3K27me3 modification and driving VSMCs from a contractile to an inflammatory phenotype during AD formation (Chakraborty et al., 2023). Here, EZH2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.