SPP1 and central nervous system cancer: To further explore the potential regulatory mechanism of CEBPB+ GBM subcluster in inducing M2 polarization of TAMs, we employed CellChat 48 to predict the ligand-receptor interactions between the 13 glioma subclusters and M2 TAMs (Figure 7A, Figure S14A), and identified 33 potential ligand-receptor interaction pairs between CEBPB+ GBM subcluster and M2 TAMs, with the pairs SPP1-Integrin αvβ1 and ANXA1-FPR1 exhibiting the strongest interactions (Figure 7B-C,Figure S14B,D).