For example, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), constituting 30-50% of glioma tissue 24, influence surrounding tumor cells by secreting TNFα, activating the NFκB signaling pathway, and inducing their transformation into radioresistant mesenchymal (MES) subtype glioma cells, ultimately impacting patient prognosis 7. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and glioma.