Other studies found potential urinary biomarkers for diagnosing acute tubulointerstitial renal allograft rejection (41) and chronic allograft nephropathy (i.e., beta-2-microglobulin) (42, 43); exosomal tetraspanin-1 and hemopexin for early detection of TCMR (44); collagen peptides and matrix metalloproteinase-8 as reporters for clinical and subclinical TCMR (45); matrix metalloproteinase-8 as indicator of renal allograft inflammation and injury (46); and a 10-protein panel distinguishing ABMR vs. no-ABMR (47). This evidence concerns the gene MMP8 and Crouzon syndrome-acanthosis nigricans syndrome.