TGFB1 and neoplasm: In addition to direct tumor cell killing by deoxyribonucleic acid damage, radiotherapy can also elicit immune-mediated antitumor responses by releasing tumor neoantigens reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to increase the recruitment and function of antigen-presenting cells and T cells, and releasing cytokines and chemokines, such as interferons, interleukins, and transforming growth factor beta (1).