CTLA4 and cancer: Instead, the urothelial cancer cohort (IMvigor210) that received anti-PD-L1 therapy, the malignant melanoma cohort (GSE91061) that received anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 therapy, the pre-treatment melanomas cohort (GSE78220) undergoing anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition therapy, the advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma cohort (GSE135222) that treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1, and the metastatic melanoma cohort (GSE35640) that received antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy were enrolled.