Moreover, 2M TAT-Itga5 peptide substantially slowed the progression of motor symptoms in mice with MPTP-induced encephalopathy in rotarod and balancing beam tests indicated in Figure 7H-7I. Our findings indicate that Itga5-PTEN signaling in striatal GABA neurons enhances synaptic transmission for motor coordination and may be a potential PD treatment target (Figure 7J-7K). This evidence concerns the gene ITGA5 and Parkinson disease.