DPP4 and chronic kidney disease: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for studies examining newer anti-glycemic pharmacotherapies in patients with and without CKD which were published before June 2023 using the following search terms: (“sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors” OR “glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists” OR “dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors”) AND (“CKD” OR “kidney disease”).