These effects were accompanied by an increase in the overall survival of tumour bearing mice after receiving the combination treatment: mice treated with MSC/GM-CSF + Dox had a sustained antitumour effect, with a median survival of 27.5 days compared to 15 days in the vehicle-treated cohort, 17 days with MSC/GM-CSF, or 22 days in the Dox group (Fig. 4D). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.