The serum hormone levels of PCOS patients, including luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and fasting insulin, were also detected for PCOS diagnosis (Table 1). Here, INS is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.