TNF and colitis: To explore the effects of the donor flora from the four groups on immune homeostasis and inflammatory markers of colitis, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and TNF-α; anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; and colitis markers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in colonic tissues were measured using ELISA.