MIF and central nervous system cancer: Similar to the TCGA datasets, all 11 genes exhibited WHO grade-dependent expression in glioma samples, with 6 upregulated (LDHA, MIF, NAMPT, PGK1, SAT1, and PLOD2) and 5 downregulated genes (ALDOC, ABAT, ADCY2, GALNT13, and PDE8B) (Figure 5B).