Furthermore, the 11 genes identified in astrocytes and OPCs displayed significant correlations with glioma grading, IDH mutation status, and overall prognosis, marking them as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressors and clinically relevant indicators for molecules like LDHA (91, 92), MIF (93, 94), and NAMPT (25, 95–98). Here, NAMPT is linked to central nervous system cancer.