CD4 and infection: (2011), focused on assessing the application of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) and Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) indexes in patients undergoing surgery for abdominal trauma and aimed to develop an alternative model to predict surgical site infections (SSIs), however, it does not include HIV-specific parameters, such as CD4 count or viral load, which are critical in assessing SSI risk in this population.