In this study, we noted that the administration of resveratrol contributed to the enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis by elevating the protein levels of SIRT1 and PGC-1α, as did the upregulation of downstream factors, including Nrf-1 and TFAM, which are associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis in patients with PCOS. The gene discussed is TFAM; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.