GDMT for HFrEF typically includes evidence-based beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), particularly in patients with obesity or T2DM [53]. Here, ACE is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.