GFAP and dementia: Both biomarkers were elevated in more advanced clinical stages of the disease (i.e., in AD dementia compared with MCI due to AD: GFAP effect size 0.48, 95% CI 0.19–0.76, p = 0.0009; YKL-40 effect size 0.34, 95% CI 0.10–0.57, p = 0.0048).