In a study with melanoma patients, certain cytokines like G-CSF, GM-CSF, Fractalkine, FGF-2, IFNα2, IL-12p70, IL-1α, IL1, IL-1RA, IL-2, and IL-13 showed significant upregulation at baseline and early treatment stages, correlating with high-grade irAE occurrence (35)In a study of NSCLC patients receiving ICIs treatment, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17A, IL-35, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), surfactant protein-D (SP-D), and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) were more frequently observed in patients with CIP compared to those without CIP (36). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.