NDRG1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Indeed, NDRG1 suppresses metastasis in prostate, breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers; however, it promotes tumor progress in liver, esophagus, cervical, and aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (Menezes et al., 2017; de Nonneville et al., 2022; Villodre et al., 2022).