To date, several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) and nivolumab (PD-1 inhibitor), have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced BLCA (Aggen and Drake, 2017; Lobo et al., 2017). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is bladder transitional cell carcinoma.