In addition, the use of PA-MSHA can increase serum interferon-γ levels and the percentage of peripheral blood T cells, CD8+/CD4+T cells, CD8+CD28+T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, and decrease serum interleukin 4 levels, suggesting that PA-MSHA may exert its anti-tumor effects through immune modulation (19). This evidence concerns the gene CD28 and neoplasm.