CCL2 and cancer: Some are inhibitory targets beyond immune checkpoints, indirectly affecting T cell function or pathways, such as the Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM) family of proteins (which mediate different physiological effects ranging from tissue organization and angiogenesis to immune modulation), CCL2/CCR2 (chemokines, which are used by cancer cells to recruit immunosuppressive cells, promote angiogenesis, and facilitate tumor growth and differentiation), and CD47 (a marker of self-recognition that prompts an anti-phagocytic signal) (1, 10).