Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin have been demonstrated to reduce CRP, TNF-a, TLR-2, TLR-4, IKKB, and CCR-2 systemically with improvement in inflammation and endothelial function, independent of the hypoglycemic activity, in T2DM patients with associated coronary artery disease (140). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus.