Subsequent studies have demonstrated reduced VDBP levels in the CSF of individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during a relapse, in contrast to that of individuals with other neurological disorders.81, 82, 83, 84 Nevertheless, a proteomics-based biomarker discovery study of 209 individuals revealed that the concentrations of VDBP were elevated in the CSF of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and those with secondary progressive MS.85 This evidence concerns the gene GC and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.