Nivolumab (IgG4 anti-PD-1) in combination with ipilimumab (fully humanized IgG1 anti-CTLA4) and minimal chemotherapy (only two cycles of platinum-based) has shown efficacy comparable to full-dose chemotherapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC (Shalata et al., 2023). Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.