Pi et al.31 found that HDCA could alleviate the pathological manifestations of DSS-induced colitis mice, such as weight loss, colon shortening, and mucosal epithelial destruction; pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the colon were down-regulated, suggesting that HDCA had a protective effect against colitis. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.