MPO and ulcerative colitis: He et al.33 found that THDCA could decrease the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the expression of COX-2 protein in colitis mice induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), suggesting that THDCA had a protective effect against ulcerative colitis.