AKT1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: KEGG pathway analysis revealed that downregulated proteins in the D-2HG treatment group were mainly involved in tumor-related pathways, PI3K/AKT pathway, and cell cycle, while upregulated proteins were associated with Parkinson’s disease, thermogenesis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathways compared to the control group (Fig. 3D).