KEGG pathway analysis revealed that downregulated proteins in the D-2HG treatment group were mainly involved in tumor-related pathways, PI3K/AKT pathway, and cell cycle, while upregulated proteins were associated with Parkinson’s disease, thermogenesis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathways compared to the control group (Fig. 3D). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is Parkinson disease.