Participants with type 2 diabetes showed increased BMAL1 and NR1D1 mRNA levels and decreased protein levels of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), phosphorylated basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1 (p-BMAL1) and period circadian protein homologue 2 (PER2). Here, NR1D1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.