Several pathways SiPSiC identified as upregulated may be involved, including PI3K/AKT/MTOR (FDR < 2.9 × 10–230 and FDR < 0.019 compared with the tS1 and tS3 lineages, respectively), mTORC1 (FDR < 1.4 × 10–11), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT; FDR < 7.7 × 10–10), previously demonstrated to be involved in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis (Krencz et al. 2017; Ding et al. 2018; Lu et al. 2020). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and lung adenocarcinoma.