Okamura et al. discovered that consuming 40% TFAs for a period of 12 weeks led to an imbalance in gut bacteria (specifically, a greater amount of the Desulfovibrionaceae family, which belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria), resulting in immune alterations (such as increased CD36 expression) in the intestines of mice by week 20, significantly worsening metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and fatty liver, when compared to ND [22]. Here, CD36 is linked to metabolic disease.