In CRC patients, cytokines and cytokine receptors such as IL1B, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, exhibited the highest mean expression levels among tumor-associated cytokines, with 72% of patients showing more than a threefold increase in tumor tissues compared to adjacent non-neoplastic tissues (Table 3), and a 29-fold increase observed in a specific tumor subgroup (Table 7). Here, IL1B is linked to neoplasm.