The results revealed that CS exposure resulted in an elevated expression of p-NF-kB (Figure 8B), p-38 (Figure 8C), p-ERK (Figure 8D), p- JNK (Figure 8E), and SIRT-2 (Figure 8F) in the CS-induced COPD mice compared with the control group, and AK-7 significantly downregulated the expression of these proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Here, NFKB1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.