TNF and infection: Although WT, APN−/−, AdipoR1−/−, and AdipoR2−/− AMs were similar morphologically (data not shown), transcription of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23, and TNF was increased in APN pathway-deficient AMs when compared WT-derived AMs, while IL-10 was similar (Fig. 2A), and secreted TNF in the supernatant increased equally in response to infection in all groups (Fig. 2B).