ICAM1 and cardiovascular disorder: Studies indicate that glucose fluctuations can activate nuclear factor-κB and PKC pathway, leading to a greater expression of the adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin), and promoting interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, and excess formation of advanced glycation endproducts than stable high glucose.[26] Furthermore, profound glycemic disorders may exert an unfavorable impact on sympathetic dysfunction, a factor intricately linked with the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases.[27]