Serum apoA-I levels were significantly lower in patients with ICAS compared to those with ECAS and SAO [mean ± SD: ICAS (1.32 ± 0.27 g/L); ECAS (1.43 ± 0.32); SAO (1.51 ± 0.28 g/L) (p < 0.0001), Figures 2A,B]. Here, APOA1 is linked to southeast Asian ovalocytosis.