Chronic neuroinflammation driven by accumulation of pathological tau and amyloid β protein and microglia activation and SASP creates a deleterious microenvironment within BF of AD mice (Fig. 9A–C), which exposes the vulnerable cholinergic system to neurodegeneration and loss.46,47 ChAT+ cell numbers were evaluated from multiple sagittal brain sections at BF from 3xTgAD and age-matched WT mice (2–4 sections/per animal, n = 4–7 animal/group) in several regions of cholinergic nuclei including nBM, SI and HDB. This evidence concerns the gene CHAT and Alzheimer disease.