AIF1 and Alzheimer disease: More significantly, by acquiring SASP they chronically secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and toxic bioactive intermediates.44 SASP cells also mediate paracrine senescence to adjacent cells, thus amplifying and exacerbating inflammation within their local microenvironment.45 p16INK4A expression was also observed in neuronal-like cells expressing human mutant tau protein in BF of AD mice (Fig. 7C and F), although their frequency (∼10%) was not as high as in Iba1+ microglia within the BF of AD mice.