Next, ACh and its stabilizer, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor pyridostigmine bromide (PB) were applied intranasally to mice 12h prior to, at the time of, and 24h after intranasal infection with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (A/PR8) (Fig. 1c). The gene discussed is ACHE; the disease is infection.